Gareth williams, richard wombell, luke twigger cggveritas, crompton way, manor royal, crawley, w. Basic geophysics, seismic fundamentals and 3d seismic. The models can be used to create additional seismic attributes like 3d volumetric curvature. Numerical estimation of the instantaneous dip and azimuth of reflectors within a seismic volume. Detect the defaults or lacks in a processing sequence. Cn102053262b method for acquiring azimuth velocity of. Full azimuth seismic acquisition with coil shooting 3 figure 3 coil preplot and coverage distribution tpao is the national oil company of turkey and they are the operators of the kozlu block which is located in the southwestern sector of the black sea. Methods for efficiently acquiring wide azimuth towed streamer seismic data us8711654b2 en 20091230.
Full azimuth seismic modeling in the norwegian sea. To study seismic velocities within the earth and to locate earthquakes, we must be able to com. Processing of seismic reflection data using matlab pdf processing of seismic reflection data using matlab. Coherence is calculated for a range of dips red lines, and in 3. Seismic imaging is considered key to reducing risk and cost in exploratory as well as development drilling. Applications of wideazimuth seismic surveying for signal. A schematic 2d representation of the dipazimuth calculation.
Castagna1 1university of houston 2schlumberger and 3delta geophysics received march 2012, revision accepted september 2012. To date, approximately 40% of oil and gas reserves in the world exist in deepwater. We are used to the convenience of acquiring overlapping shot gathers in straight lines, as we can sort the data into common. Multiattributes display and rose diagrams for interpretation of seismic fracture lineaments, example from cuu long basin, vietnam ha t. Oyewoga cggveritas introduction many seismic processing techniques, particularly migration, have strict requirements on the regular spatial distribution of traces.
Method and apparatus for marine wide azimuth towed stream seismic acquisition us8559265b2 en 20070517. Intuitively, a wideazimuth survey that collects long offset data from all directions might seem to be better but this is not always the case. The stepbystep demo of the full reflection seismic data processing workflow using a complete real seismic data set places itself as a very useful feature of. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. The topic of anastasia pooles electure is wide azimuth acquisition with radial domain interpolation for fluvial morphology interpretation. The azimuth information derived from prestack seismic data at target layers is very sensitive to many aspects of the analysis process, making reliability a serious issue.
Multiazimuth maz and wideazimuth waz acquisition 2 shooting directions illuminate different parts of the target, and collectively the overall target illumination will be more uniform and complete. During this presentation she will demonstrate how an. Chapter 1, pages 989, of seismic data processing by ozdogan yilmaz, society of exploration geophysicists, 1987, contains general information relating to conventional 2d processing and. The invention provides a method for acquiring the azimuth velocity of a seismic psv converted wave and a method for processing the data of the seismic converted wave according to the acquired azimuth velocity. Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs.
This second edition has been extended considerably. Feedback from students attending my course on 3d survey design has helped clarify various notsoclear discussions in the book. A handbook for seismic data acquisition in exploration number 7. Focus on azimuth cairo, egypt, 15 18 november 2009 figure 3. As a consequence, datasets that do not fulfill these requirements, including most 3d land. Broadband, longoffset, fullazimuth, staggered marine. Seismic azimuthal anisotropy and fracture analysis from pp. Seismic acquisition geometry impacts the seismic image, so in this article we show how advances in imaging deepwater subsalt plays in the deep water gulf of mexico is a result of the way the industry has embraced the wide azimuth. So this is not only a book on geophysical analysis but also a book for any analysis in modern science and engineering. An azimuthalavocompliant 3d land seismic processing flow. The abcs of seismic exploration and processing isbn 1560801484 pitfalls in seismic. The dip and azimuth models are seismic attributes used to help with structural interpretation. The processor will typically construct several jobs which string certain processing routines together in a sequential manner.
Conclusions highdensity wide azimuth land seismic has been a combined effort of both acquisition and. The method for acquiring the azimuth velocity of the seismic psv converted wave comprises the following steps. Because current waz interpretation is not yet mature and because of the lack of key techniques and tools for ovtdomain seismic interpretation, abundant offset and. Fullazimuth angle domain imaging zvi koren, igor ravve, evgeny ragoza, allon bartana, paradigm geophysical, dan kosloff, tel aviv university and paradigm geophysical summary this work presents a new seismic imaging system for generating and extracting highresolution information about. Azimuth and offset in design of successful 3d survey, by. Heloise lynn specializes in the expression and use of anisotropy in multidimensional datasets multiazimuth, multicomponent, and time lapse, 3d azimuthal seismic acquisition design, azimuthal seismic processing, and azimuthal seismic interpretation. Offset vector tile for wideazimuth seismic processing. Summary ani it is becoming popular to extract fracture information from wideazimuth pp reflection seismic data. In the marine environment, fullazimuth surveys using streamers must tow complicated paths, or use multiple vessels or shoot the survey multiple times. Obstacles in the analysis of azimuth information from prestack seismic data. As a wideazimuth seismic processing method, the offset vector tile ovt technique provides the most effective and precise data domain in geophysics for the basic seismic processing. Sussex rh10 9qn wide azimuth seismic surveys have recently been highly successful in imaging beneath.
Wide azimuth seismic processing for uae carbonate reservoir characterization authors jeanluc boelle. The azimuth is usually specified in degrees with respect to the geographic or magnetic north pole. Fullazimuth seismic data can be very expensive to acquire. The subsequent section on seismic interpretation is focused on introducing the method of translating the observed seismic sections to geological information critical to hydrocarbon exploration. A handbook for seismic data acquisition in exploration. Offset vector tile domain wideazimuth prestack seismic. Tie a 3d seismic volume to well, by using the well velocity data through seismic synthetic generation, vsp analysis, inversion and modeling process. Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled seismic azimuthal anisotropy and fracture analysis from pp reflection data submitted by ye zheng in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of doctor of philosophy. Geophysicists recognized the need for wide azimuth acquisition long before the advent of recent commercial wideazimuth surveys, the preliminary results of the early wide and rich azimuth towed streamer surveys were used to evaluate the benefits of this new marine acquisition technology. Due to the high risk, high investment and high technology required associated with deepwater exploration and development, it is therefore important to investigate and obtain subsurface reservoir information with as much accuracy. Lawton department of geology and geophysics university of calgary dr. In fact, most early 3d seismic surveys were narrow azimuth, although it was probably a matter of necessity as much as intentional design.
We will show that we can recover fullazimuthal interpolated data from highly subsampled data, where the subsampling ratio is 4%. Obstacles in the analysis of azimuth information from. As oil companies strive for efficiency and seek to acquire higherquality and more costeffective seismic surveys, greater emphasis is being placed on the design process an efficient design is usually a compromisebetween information that is expected to be retrieved and the cost of data acquisition and processing. Introduction to earthquakeseismology assignment 6 department of earth and atmospheric sciences easa462. Dipmagnitude and dipazimuth rijks and jaufred 1991 showed that horizonbased dipmagnitude and dipazimuth are useful in delineating subtle faults whose displacements measure only a fraction of a seismic wavelet. Offshore is an area with significant potential in the oil and gas industry. Secondly, offset vector tile ovt processing, which is convenient for azimuthal anisotropy analysis, is a new technique for wideazimuth seismic processing and beneficial for improving the. The offset vector tile ovt is a special prestack seismic gather type, and ovt technology is a seismic processing technology suitable for wide azimuth seismic waz exploration. One early example is the varg field, operated by pertra, and which lies on the norwegian. Basic geophysics, seismic fundamentals and 3d seismic exploration by r. Fundamentals of seismic acquisition, processing and. Processing flow is a collection of processing routines applied to a data volume.
Full azimuth seismic acquisition with coil shooting. Principles of 3d seismic interpretation and applications. The compass direction of a directional survey or of the wellbore as planned or measured by a directional survey. Seismic attributes for stratigraphic feature characterization. Fullazimuth seismic data processing w coil acquisition. Conventional marine seismic data acquired using a single vessel to tow one or two seismic source arrays in front of a receiver spread. An azimuthalavocompliant 3d land seismic processing flow david gray, darren schmidt, nirupama nagarajappa, charles ursenbach and jon downton cggveritas, calgary, ab, canada dave. Seismic data processing schemes are then introduced to explain the significance associated with seismic processing stages to obtain a good seismic section. Seismic data consists of a series of recorded wiggle traces that describe a set of echoes from interfaces between rock layers in the subsurface that have different rock properties. Fundamentals of geophysical data processing takes the mathematical part of the undergraduate physics and engineering curricula and translates it into a form digestible by computers. Narrowazimuth seismic data schlumberger oilfield glossary. Applications of wideazimuth seismic surveying for signal to noise enhancement and multiple suppression in n.
Seismic data quality is impacted not only by fold, but also by the distribution of sourcereceiver offsets and azimuths that make up this fold. An ultra high density, full wide azimuth seismic survey for the future jeanjacques postel cggveritas 2nd finding petroleum event on onshore seismic. Seismic attributes that highlight discontinuities in the seismic data are useful for fault and fracture characterization. The impact of the seismic acquisition program on processing and on the quality of the final image is commonly called acquisition footprint. Processing of seismic reflection data using matlab pdf. The main seismic objective is the definition of the base of limestone reef. The seismic acquisition program impacts the quality of the. We present in this work an exhaustive seismic study which was performed on a subset of a wide azimuth ocean bottom cable seismic acquisition shot over a carbonate field from the u. The first edition of this book was a slightly modified version of my dissertation defended in february 2001. Many technological developments of the past 10 years have been included.
This illustrationrich paperback book explains a broad spectrum of seismic data acquisition operations from a fundamental and practical standpoint, ranging from land to marine 2d methods to 3d seismic methods. Us7391673b2 method of wide azimuth seismic acquisition. Dip azimuth semblance and enhancement crestone seismic. The book explains why we use the seismic method in exploration and is written in a manner palatable to geologists, field crews, exploration managers, petroleum. The map of the offset distribution in the 60 m x 60 m processing bins demonstrates the major benefit of this acquisition technique, in that there is regular and consistent fold, offset and azimuth distribution from bin to bin. In this work, we will demonstrate the performance of our inhouse 5d lowrank based interpolation method on a seismic data acquired using coil shooting fullazimuth acquisition. A handbook for seismic data acquisition in exploration number 7 brian j. Each wiggle trace is the record, in time, of when sound from each source.
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